document.write('<ol class="tumblr_posts">\x0a    \x0a        \x0a            <li class="tumblr_post tumblr_text_post">\x0a                \x0a                    <div class="tumblr_title">30 billion tons of carbon is emitted each year</div>\x0a                \x0a                \x0a                <div class="tumblr_body">\x0a                    <p>It&#8217;s estimated that 30 billion tons of carbon is emitted each year by motor vehicles, factories, deforestation and other sources. About 40% of the gas accumulates in the atmosphere, with the rest apparently being absorbed by oceans and forests.</p>\x0a\x0a<p>Source [<a target="_self" href="http://epaper.hindustantimes.com/ArticleImage.aspx?article=31_01_2009_016_015&amp;kword=&amp;mode=1">Hindustan Times</a>]</p>\x0a                </div>\x0a            </li>\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a\x0a                        \x0a    \x0a        \x0a            <li class="tumblr_post tumblr_text_post">\x0a                \x0a                    <div class="tumblr_title">1 kg of CO2 is emitted when</div>\x0a                \x0a                \x0a                <div class="tumblr_body">\x0a                    <p class="zemanta-img" style="margin: 1em; float: right; display: block;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cheeseburger.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cheeseburger.jpg/202px-Cheeseburger.jpg" alt="a cheeseburger" style="border: medium none ; display: block;"/></a></p>\x0a<ul style="margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px;">\x0a<li style="margin: 0.15em 0px 0.15em 0.5em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2em 1.5em; list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; background-image: url(http://timeforchange.org/sites/timeforchange.org/files/color/garland-ce337b92/menu-leaf.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: transparent; background-position: 1px 0.35em;">you fly in a plane a distance of 2.2&#160;km or 1.375 miles.</li>\x0a<li style="margin: 0.15em 0px 0.15em 0.5em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2em 1.5em; list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; background-image: url(http://timeforchange.org/sites/timeforchange.org/files/color/garland-ce337b92/menu-leaf.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: transparent; background-position: 1px 0.35em;">Operate your computer for 32 hours (60 Watt consumption assumed)</li>\x0a<li style="margin: 0.15em 0px 0.15em 0.5em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2em 1.5em; list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; background-image: url(http://timeforchange.org/sites/timeforchange.org/files/color/garland-ce337b92/menu-leaf.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: transparent; background-position: 1px 0.35em;">Production of 5&#160;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag" rel="wikipedia" class="zem_slink" target="_blank">plastic bags</a>\x0a</li>\x0a<li style="margin: 0.15em 0px 0.15em 0.5em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2em 1.5em; list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; background-image: url(http://timeforchange.org/sites/timeforchange.org/files/color/garland-ce337b92/menu-leaf.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: transparent; background-position: 1px 0.35em;">Production of 2 plastic bottles</li>\x0a<li style="margin: 0.15em 0px 0.15em 0.5em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2em 1.5em; list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; background-image: url(http://timeforchange.org/sites/timeforchange.org/files/color/garland-ce337b92/menu-leaf.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: transparent; background-position: 1px 0.35em;">Production of 1/3 of an American cheeseburger (yes, the production of each cheeseburger emits 3.1&#160;kg of CO2!)</li>\x0a</ul>\x0a<p><a class="zemanta-pixie-a" href="http://reblog.zemanta.com/zemified/b876a57a-ca53-43ef-8b88-b1ed418ec18f/" title="Zemified by Zemanta" target="_blank"><br/></a></p>\x0a                </div>\x0a            </li>\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a\x0a                        \x0a    \x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a            <li class="tumblr_post tumblr_photo_post">\x0a                <img src="http://18.media.tumblr.com/jOxxKB9X3ddq0to1WNUGIYmL_400.jpg" alt="The above graph shows the total CO2 emission in million tons by country for the year 2002. Data source was the World Resources Institute (WRI). The CO2 emissions for the year 2006 are about 12 to 15% higher than the figures shown here.\x0aSource: timeforchange.org" class="tumblr_photo"/>\x0a                \x0a                \x0a                    <div class="tumblr_caption">\x0a                        <p>The above graph shows the total CO2 emission in million tons by country for the year 2002. Data source was the World Resources Institute (WRI). The CO2 emissions for the year 2006 are about 12 to 15% higher than the figures shown here.</p>\x0a<p>Source: <a target="_blank" href="http://timeforchange.org/CO2-emissions-by-country">timeforchange.org</a></p>\x0a                    </div>\x0a                \x0a            </li>\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a\x0a                        \x0a    \x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a            <li class="tumblr_post tumblr_photo_post">\x0a                <img src="http://12.media.tumblr.com/jOxxKB9X3ddpzjzut5QH3wZi_400.jpg" alt="CO2 emissions per capita by country for 2002" class="tumblr_photo"/>\x0a                \x0a                \x0a                    <div class="tumblr_caption">\x0a                        <p>CO2 emissions per capita by country for 2002</p>\x0a                    </div>\x0a                \x0a            </li>\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a\x0a                        \x0a    \x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a            <li class="tumblr_post tumblr_link_post">\x0a                <a href="http://timeforchange.org/what-is-a-carbon-footprint-definition" class="tumblr_link"  target="_blank" >CO2 emissions based on the fuel consumption</a>\x0a                \x0a                \x0a            </li>\x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a\x0a                        \x0a    \x0a        \x0a            <li class="tumblr_post tumblr_text_post">\x0a                \x0a                    <div class="tumblr_title">How much CO2 does a tree and Man take up? </div>\x0a                \x0a                \x0a                <div class="tumblr_body">\x0a                    <p>A tree takes up about 2.52&#160;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lbs" title="Lbs" class="mw-redirect" target="_blank">lbs</a>, or about 1150&#160;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram" target="_blank">grams</a> of carbon dioxide daily on average<sup id="cite_ref-tufts_36-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide#cite_note-tufts-36" target="_blank">[1]</a></sup>. This means that roughly one 25-year-old tree is required to take up CO<sub>2</sub> exhaled by an average man and sustain bare breathing.</p>\x0a<p>A conservative estimate based on a person who spends eight hours a day sleeping and 16 hours in normal activities, but one who does not add to the atmospheric burden by exercise, would thus come to about 456 liters of carbon dioxide a day, or 166,440 liters every 365 days.<sup id="cite_ref-tufts_36-0" class="reference">[<a target="_blank" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE1DA1639F937A2575BC0A966958260">2</a>]</sup></p>\x0a<p>Approximately 912 grams per day.</p>\x0a<p><b>1</b>. <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide#cite_ref-tufts_36-0" target="_blank">^</a></b> Tufts Climate Initiative. &#8220;<a href="http://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/sequestration.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/sequestration.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">&#8220;Sequestration: How much CO2 does a tree take up?&#8221;</a>&#8221;. Retrieved on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" title="2008" target="_blank">2008</a>-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_9" title="August 9" target="_blank">08-09</a>.</p>\x0a<p><b>2.</b> <a target="_blank" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE1DA1639F937A2575BC0A966958260">New York Times</a></p>\x0a                </div>\x0a            </li>\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a\x0a                        \x0a    \x0a        \x0a            <li class="tumblr_post tumblr_text_post">\x0a                \x0a                    <div class="tumblr_title">What is BioGas</div>\x0a                \x0a                \x0a                <div class="tumblr_body">\x0a                    <p><b>Biogas</b> typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter" title="Organic matter" rel="wikipedia" class="zem_slink" target="_blank">organic matter</a> in the absence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen" rel="wikipedia" class="zem_slink" target="_blank">oxygen</a>. Biogas is comprised primarily of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane" title="Methane" rel="wikipedia" class="zem_slink" target="_blank">methane</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide" rel="wikipedia" class="zem_slink" target="_blank">carbon dioxide</a>. Biogas originates from biogenic material and is a type of biofuel. Biogas is a product of the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation" rel="wikipedia" class="zem_slink" target="_blank">biodegradable</a> materials such as manure or sewage, municipal wasteand energy crops. The methane in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas" rel="wikipedia" class="zem_slink" target="_blank">biogas</a> gives it the ability to be used as a fuel. The combustion of which releases energy.</p>\x0a<h3>Basic information on biogas</h3>\x0a<h4>1. Composition of biogas produced in anaerobic biogas reactors</h4>\x0a<p>Table 1. Average composition of reactor biogas.</p>\x0a\x0a<b> </b>\x0a<p><b> Matter </b></p>\x0a<b> </b>\x0a<p align="center"><b> % </b></p>\x0a<p align="justify">Methane, CH \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 4&#160;</sub></p>\x0a<p align="center">55-75</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Carbon dioxide, CO \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 2&#160;</sub></p>\x0a<p align="center">25-45</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Carbon monoxide, CO</p>\x0a<p align="center">0-0,3</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Nitrogen, N \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 2&#160;</sub></p>\x0a<p align="center">1-5</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Hydrogen, H2</p>\x0a<p align="center">0-3</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Hydrogen sulfide, H \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 2&#160;</sub> S</p>\x0a<p align="center">0,1-0,5</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Oxygen, O \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 2&#160;</sub></p>\x0a<p align="center">traces;</p>\x0a\x0a\x0a<h4>2. Landfill gas composition</h4>\x0a<p>Table 2. Average composition of biogas recovered at a landfill (landfill \x09\x09biogas).</p>\x0a\x0a\x0a<b> </b>\x0a<p align="center"><b> Matter </b></p>\x0a<b> </b>\x0a<p align="center"><b> Content </b></p>\x0a<p align="justify">Methane, CH \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 4&#160;</sub></p>\x0a<p align="center">54&#160;%</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Carbon dioxide, CO \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 2&#160;</sub></p>\x0a<p align="center">42&#160;%</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Oxygen, O \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 2&#160;</sub></p>\x0a<p align="center">0,8&#160;%</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Nitrogen, N \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 2&#160;</sub></p>\x0a<p align="center">3,1&#160;%</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Chlorine (total  \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 2&#160;</sub> )</p>\x0a<p align="center">22&#160;mg/ m³</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Fluor (total F \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 2&#160;</sub> )</p>\x0a<p align="center">5&#160;mg/ m³</p>\x0a<p align="justify">Hydrogen sulfide, H \x09\x09\x09\x09\x09<sub> 2&#160;</sub> S</p>\x0a<p align="center">88&#160;mg/m³</p>\x0a\x0a<h4>Calculation of the energy from biogas</h4>\x0a<p>Calculation of the thermal value  of the recovered biogas (methane 65%) \x09\x09<br/><img src="http://www.kolumbus.fi/suomen.biokaasukeskus/en/pics/Image1.gif" width="303" height="24"/></p>\x0a<p>If reactor produces 2000m³ of biogas per day, the contained <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity" title="Specific heat capacity" rel="wikipedia" class="zem_slink" target="_blank">heat capacity</a> may \x09\x09be calculated as follows:  \x09\x09<br/><img src="http://www.kolumbus.fi/suomen.biokaasukeskus/en/pics/Image2.gif" width="278" height="41"/></p>\x0a<p>Operating efficiency of the utilisation of the produced biogas effects \x09\x09decisively the amount of the energy produced.</p>\x0a<ul>\x0a<li> Operating efficiency if only heat is produced - 90&#160;% </li>\x0a<li> Operating efficiency if both electricity and heat are produced  - 85&#160;% (35&#160;% \x09\x09\x09electricity and 50&#160;% heat) </li>\x0a<li> Operating efficiency if only electricity is produced - 35&#160;% </li>\x0a</ul>\x0a<p>If a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion" title="Anaerobic digestion" rel="wikipedia" class="zem_slink" target="_blank">biogas plant</a> uses all the produced biogas for joint production of energy \x09\x09and heat, the amount of energy produced during a day will total 10.94 MWh  \x09\x09<br/><img src="http://www.kolumbus.fi/suomen.biokaasukeskus/en/pics/Image3.gif" width="204" height="21"/></p>\x0a                </div>\x0a            </li>\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a\x0a                        \x0a    \x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a            <li class="tumblr_post tumblr_quote_post">\x0a                <div class="tumblr_quote">\x0a                    <span class="tumblr_open_quote">&#147;</span>Jatropha, a shrub that grows in any arid land and can be used to make diesel.<span class="tumblr_close_quote">&#148;</span>\x0a                </div>\x0a                \x0a                \x0a                    <div class="tumblr_source">\x0a                        on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatropha" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>.\x0a<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatropha_In_India" target="_blank">Jatropha in India</a>\x0a                    </div>\x0a                \x0a            </li>\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a\x0a                        \x0a    \x0a        \x0a            <li class="tumblr_post tumblr_text_post">\x0a                \x0a                    <div class="tumblr_title">Wind Energy in India</div>\x0a                \x0a                \x0a                <div class="tumblr_body">\x0a                    <p>Wind energy generation in 2006 was approximately 150 Terrawatt hours (TWh) or roughly 1% of global supply.</p>\x0a\x0a<p>Global experts predict a 24-27% growth for the next 5-7 years, making wind energy a $35 billion industry.</p>\x0a\x0a<p>India ranks 4th in the world with a total wind power capacity of 6,270&#160;MW in 2006.</p>\x0a\x0a<p>Wind Power generates 4.64% of all electricity produced in India.</p>\x0a\x0a<p>India alone has the potential to harness 45,000&#160;MW of wind energy compared to its current 6,270&#160;MW.</p>\x0a\x0a<ul>\x0a<li>Source <a href="http://www.businessworld.in" target="_blank">Business World</a> 1st October 2007</li>\x0a</ul>\x0a                </div>\x0a            </li>\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a\x0a                        \x0a    \x0a        \x0a            <li class="tumblr_post tumblr_text_post">\x0a                \x0a                    <div class="tumblr_title">Solar Energy in India</div>\x0a                \x0a                \x0a                <div class="tumblr_body">\x0a                    <p>India rcvs about 5000 trillion KWh eq. of energy/yr through Solar Radiation.</p>\x0a\x0a<p>Just 1% of the Country&#8217;s land area can meet its entire electricity requirements till 2030</p>\x0a\x0a<p>In 2007, Solar Energy production in India was 80&#160;MW peak power (MWp) just 1.7% of the World total of 4700 MWp.</p>\x0a\x0a<p>Setting up a 5 KW Solar Power plant requires 60-80 sq ft of area and Rs. 18-20 lacs for installation.</p>\x0a\x0a<p><strong>Calculations:</strong>\x0aTotal land area in India =  2,973,190 square kilometers.\x0a1% = 29,732 sq kms</p>\x0a\x0a<p>60-80 sq ft area = Rs. 18-20 lacs\x0a1 sq ft area = Rs. 0.3 lacs</p>\x0a\x0a<p>60-80 sq ft area gives 5 KW Solar Power\x0a1 sq ft area gives 83.33 Watts Solar power</p>\x0a\x0a<p>1&#160;km = (1000/0.3) ft\x0a29,732 kms = 99,106.67 x 10^3 ft\x0aso,\x0a29,732 sq kms = 99,106.67 x 10^3 sq ft</p>\x0a\x0a<p>Hence,\x0aTotal installation cost for 99,106.67 x 10^3 sq ft = Rs. 29,732,000 lacs\x0aand,\x0a99,106.67 x 10^3 sq ft area will give 8260&#160;MW power&#160;!! <strong>ONLY?</strong></p>\x0a                </div>\x0a            </li>\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a\x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a        \x0a\x0a                        \x0a    \x0a</ol>');